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For a review published in 2023 in the journal Environmental Pollution, researchers examined E171 as a possible factor promoting obesity-related metabolic disorders. Because gut microbiota play an important role in immune function maintenance and development, and because titanium dioxide as a food additive has been shown to alter gut microbiota, researchers wanted to review “the dysregulations along the gut microbiota-immune system axis after oral TiO2 exposure compared to those reported in obese or diabetic patients, and to highlight potential mechanisms by which foodborne TiO2 nanoparticles may increase the susceptibility to develop obesity-related metabolic disorders.” The study authors discovered recurrent changes in the gut microbiota composition when exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles, with an imbalance of intestinal symbiotic microbiota. These changes and imbalances were also reported and played a role in the development of obesity, the authors wrote. This highlights “foodborne TiO2 nanoparticles as an endocrine disruptor-like chemical promoting obesity-related disorders,” the authors concluded.

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Moreover, NIOSH has also delved into the emerging field of nanotechnology, where TiO2 nanoparticles find applications in sunscreens, self-cleaning surfaces, and air purification systems. These nanoparticles can have different toxicological properties than their bulk counterparts, necessitating a more nuanced approach to risk assessment These nanoparticles can have different toxicological properties than their bulk counterparts, necessitating a more nuanced approach to risk assessment These nanoparticles can have different toxicological properties than their bulk counterparts, necessitating a more nuanced approach to risk assessment These nanoparticles can have different toxicological properties than their bulk counterparts, necessitating a more nuanced approach to risk assessmentniosh titanium dioxide. NIOSH has published guidelines and hazard evaluations to address potential exposure risks and promote safe handling practices.

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